A new European study finds higher coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death, suggesting that coffee can be part of a healthy diet in healthy people.
Investigators presented the results of the observational study of nearly 20,000 participants at the annual European Society of Cardiology conference.
“Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages around the world,” said Dr. Adela Navarro, a cardiologist at Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
“Previous studies have suggested that drinking coffee might be inversely associated with all-cause mortality but this has not been investigated in a Mediterranean country.”
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between coffee consumption and the risk of mortality in a middle-aged Mediterranean cohort. The study was conducted within the framework of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project, a long-term prospective cohort study in more than 22,500 Spanish university graduates which started in 1999.
Researchers analyzed data from 19,896 participants of the SUN Project, whose average age at enrolment was 37.7 years old. On entering the study, participants completed a previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to collect information on coffee consumption, lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and previous health conditions.
Patients were followed-up for an average of ten years. Information on mortality was obtained from study participants and their families, postal authorities, and the National Death Index. Statistical models were then used to estimate the impact of coffee consumption on mortality.
During the ten year period, 337 participants died. The researchers found that participants who consumed at least four cups of coffee per day had a 64 percent lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who never or almost never consumed coffee. Moreover, there was a 22 percent lower risk of all-cause mortality for each two additional cups of coffee per day.
The researchers examined whether sex, age or adherence to the Mediterranean diet had any influence on the association between baseline coffee consumption and mortality. In those who were at least 45 years old, drinking two additional cups of coffee per day was associated with a 30 percent lower risk of mortality during follow-up. The association was not significant among younger participants.
Said Navarro, “In the SUN project, we found an inverse association between drinking coffee and the risk of all-cause mortality, particularly in people aged 45 years and above. This may be due to a stronger protective association among older participants.”
She concluded, “Our findings suggest that drinking four cups of coffee each day can be part of a healthy diet in healthy people.”
Source: European Society of Cardiology
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